Realm · approximate borders · 1450–1320 BCE

Arzawa

Arzawa Minor, the chief state of the Arzawa lands of western Anatolia, with its capital at Apasa (Ephesus); its king Tarhundaradu corresponded with Amenhotep III. Mursili II conquered it c.

1320 BCE and divided it into the vassal kingdoms of Mira, Hapalla and the Seha River Land. It stretched roughly from the Hermus to the Maeander and inland to the Lakes. Sources: Wikipedia 'Arzawa'.

See Arzawa on the map in 1450 BCE

On the map: 1450–1320 BCE
Capital: Apasa (Ephesus)

Rulers named in the sources

Tarhundaradu c. 1360 BCE
Uhha-Ziti c. 1320 BCE

States of the Middle East, 2400 BCE–1886

Among the smaller states of Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Iran and the South Caucasus were Bronze and Iron Age kingdoms (Ebla, Mari, Yamhad, Kizzuwatna, Arzawa, Ugarit, Aram-Damascus, Ammon, Moab, Edom, Mannaea), the city-kingdoms of Cyprus, Characene, Elymais, Hatra, Kinda and Muhammad's state at Medina; the Caucasian kingdoms and emirates of the 9th–12th centuries (Tbilisi, Lori, Kakheti-Hereti, Syunik, Kars) and the dynasties of the 'Iranian intermezzo' (Sallarids, Rawwadids, Hasanwayhids, Kakuyids, Marwanids, Uqaylids, Mirdasids, Mazyadids, Ikhshidids); the Burids of Damascus, the Nizari Ismaili castles, the atabegs of Azerbaijan, Fars, Luristan and Kerman; the eastern Anatolian beyliks (Saltukids, Mengujekids, Shah-Armens, Artuqids, Eretnids, Kadi Burhan al-Din, Erzincan, Tacettin, Lâdik, Alaiye); the Mamluk pashas of Baghdad; Arabian states from the Sulayhids to the Jabrids, Bani Khalid, Kathiri, Mahra and Lahej; and the South Caucasus khanates of 1747–1828. Few pre-modern sources describe frontiers.