Duchy of Lucca

Rulers named in the sources

• Maria Luisa of Spain 1817–1824
• Charles Louis of Bourbon-Parma 1824–1847

Western and central European states, 430–1956

States of western and central Europe: the Irish kingdoms of Meath, Osraige, Breifne, Thomond, Desmond and Tyrconnell, Pictish Fortriu, the Welsh kingdoms of Dyfed, Ceredigion and Deheubarth, Elmet, the taifas of Málaga, Majorca and Menorca, the prince-bishoprics of Liège and Utrecht, Guelders, Brabant, Namur, Limburg, Luxembourg, Cleves and Jülich, Bar and Provence, the Electoral Palatinate, Mainz, Hesse, the Welf principalities, Württemberg, Baden, Ansbach, Bayreuth, Nuremberg, Salzburg, Meissen, Saxe-Wittenberg, Saxe-Lauenburg, Oldenburg and Pomerania, the Visconti, Gonzaga, Este, Montefeltro and Appiani states, Siena, Lucca and Gaeta, and in the 20th century the four occupation zones of Germany, the Saar Protectorate and the Free Territory of Trieste.