Realm · approximate borders · 830–1122

Emirate of Tbilisi

Arab emirate based in Tbilisi from 736; effectively independent of the caliphate from the 830s (Ishaq ibn Ismail, crushed by Bugha al-Kabir in 853), later a city-state ruled by its emirs and then a council of elders until David IV of Georgia took it in 1122. At first it held central Kartli, later only the city's district.

Sources: Wikipedia 'Emirate of Tbilisi'.

See Emirate of Tbilisi on the map in 830

On the map: 830–1122
Capital: Tbilisi

Rulers named in the sources

Ishaq ibn Ismail 833–853
Jafar ibn Ali c. 880–914
Mansur ibn Jafar c. 914–952
Ali ibn Jafar c. 1032–1046
Abu'l-Hayja c. 1046–1054
Council of elders c. 1080–1122

States of the Middle East, 2400 BCE–1886

Among the smaller states of Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Iran and the South Caucasus were Bronze and Iron Age kingdoms (Ebla, Mari, Yamhad, Kizzuwatna, Arzawa, Ugarit, Aram-Damascus, Ammon, Moab, Edom, Mannaea), the city-kingdoms of Cyprus, Characene, Elymais, Hatra, Kinda and Muhammad's state at Medina; the Caucasian kingdoms and emirates of the 9th–12th centuries (Tbilisi, Lori, Kakheti-Hereti, Syunik, Kars) and the dynasties of the 'Iranian intermezzo' (Sallarids, Rawwadids, Hasanwayhids, Kakuyids, Marwanids, Uqaylids, Mirdasids, Mazyadids, Ikhshidids); the Burids of Damascus, the Nizari Ismaili castles, the atabegs of Azerbaijan, Fars, Luristan and Kerman; the eastern Anatolian beyliks (Saltukids, Mengujekids, Shah-Armens, Artuqids, Eretnids, Kadi Burhan al-Din, Erzincan, Tacettin, Lâdik, Alaiye); the Mamluk pashas of Baghdad; Arabian states from the Sulayhids to the Jabrids, Bani Khalid, Kathiri, Mahra and Lahej; and the South Caucasus khanates of 1747–1828. Few pre-modern sources describe frontiers.