Realm · approximate borders · 1335–1378

Eretnids

Founded by Eretna, the Ilkhanid governor of Anatolia, who declared himself sultan after the Battle of Karanbük (1343); his realm covered central and eastern Anatolia (Sivas, Kayseri, Amasya, Erzincan, Erzurum). After his death (1352) the east fell away (Erzincan became autonomous) and the state was reduced to the Sivas–Kayseri core; Kadi Burhan al-Din took over in 1381.

Sources: Wikipedia 'Eretnid dynasty'.

See Eretnids on the map in 1335

On the map: 1335–1378
Capital: Sivas, later Kayseri; Kayseri

Rulers named in the sources

Eretna 1335–1352
Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad I 1352–1365
Ala al-Din Ali 1365–1380

States of the Middle East, 2400 BCE–1886

Among the smaller states of Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Iran and the South Caucasus were Bronze and Iron Age kingdoms (Ebla, Mari, Yamhad, Kizzuwatna, Arzawa, Ugarit, Aram-Damascus, Ammon, Moab, Edom, Mannaea), the city-kingdoms of Cyprus, Characene, Elymais, Hatra, Kinda and Muhammad's state at Medina; the Caucasian kingdoms and emirates of the 9th–12th centuries (Tbilisi, Lori, Kakheti-Hereti, Syunik, Kars) and the dynasties of the 'Iranian intermezzo' (Sallarids, Rawwadids, Hasanwayhids, Kakuyids, Marwanids, Uqaylids, Mirdasids, Mazyadids, Ikhshidids); the Burids of Damascus, the Nizari Ismaili castles, the atabegs of Azerbaijan, Fars, Luristan and Kerman; the eastern Anatolian beyliks (Saltukids, Mengujekids, Shah-Armens, Artuqids, Eretnids, Kadi Burhan al-Din, Erzincan, Tacettin, Lâdik, Alaiye); the Mamluk pashas of Baghdad; Arabian states from the Sulayhids to the Jabrids, Bani Khalid, Kathiri, Mahra and Lahej; and the South Caucasus khanates of 1747–1828. Few pre-modern sources describe frontiers.