Realm · approximate borders · 622–632

First Islamic state (Medina)

The polity Muhammad founded at Medina in 622 under the Constitution of Medina. It held the Medina oasis (622–627) and grew after the Treaty of Hudaybiyya and the conquest of Khaybar (628–629); after the conquest of Mecca (630), Hunayn and Ta'if it held most of the Hejaz, Tihama and western Najd (630–632).

The many deputations of 630–631 brought looser allegiances from the rest of Arabia. Succeeded by the Rashidun Caliphate. Sources: Wikipedia 'First Islamic state' and 'Constitution of Medina'.

See First Islamic state (Medina) on the map in 630

On the map: 622–632
Capital: Medina (Yathrib)

Rulers named in the sources

Muhammad 622–632

States of the Middle East, 2400 BCE–1886

Among the smaller states of Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Iran and the South Caucasus were Bronze and Iron Age kingdoms (Ebla, Mari, Yamhad, Kizzuwatna, Arzawa, Ugarit, Aram-Damascus, Ammon, Moab, Edom, Mannaea), the city-kingdoms of Cyprus, Characene, Elymais, Hatra, Kinda and Muhammad's state at Medina; the Caucasian kingdoms and emirates of the 9th–12th centuries (Tbilisi, Lori, Kakheti-Hereti, Syunik, Kars) and the dynasties of the 'Iranian intermezzo' (Sallarids, Rawwadids, Hasanwayhids, Kakuyids, Marwanids, Uqaylids, Mirdasids, Mazyadids, Ikhshidids); the Burids of Damascus, the Nizari Ismaili castles, the atabegs of Azerbaijan, Fars, Luristan and Kerman; the eastern Anatolian beyliks (Saltukids, Mengujekids, Shah-Armens, Artuqids, Eretnids, Kadi Burhan al-Din, Erzincan, Tacettin, Lâdik, Alaiye); the Mamluk pashas of Baghdad; Arabian states from the Sulayhids to the Jabrids, Bani Khalid, Kathiri, Mahra and Lahej; and the South Caucasus khanates of 1747–1828. Few pre-modern sources describe frontiers.