Realm · approximate borders · 1516–1657

Kathiri Sultanate

The Kathiri sultanate (established 1379) ruled most of Hadhramaut; its strongest period was under Badr Bu Tuwayriq (1516–1565) and his successors, when it held the Wadi Hadhramaut and the coast at al-Shihr and Mukalla. The Zaydi imamate occupied Hadhramaut from 1658; in the 18th–19th centuries the state was fragmented.

Sources: Wikipedia 'Kathiri'.

See Kathiri Sultanate on the map in 1516

On the map: 1516–1657
Capital: Seiyun; al-Shihr

Rulers named in the sources

Badr Bu Tuwayriq 1516–1565
Abdallah ibn Umar late 16th century

States of the Middle East, 2400 BCE–1886

Among the smaller states of Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Iran and the South Caucasus were Bronze and Iron Age kingdoms (Ebla, Mari, Yamhad, Kizzuwatna, Arzawa, Ugarit, Aram-Damascus, Ammon, Moab, Edom, Mannaea), the city-kingdoms of Cyprus, Characene, Elymais, Hatra, Kinda and Muhammad's state at Medina; the Caucasian kingdoms and emirates of the 9th–12th centuries (Tbilisi, Lori, Kakheti-Hereti, Syunik, Kars) and the dynasties of the 'Iranian intermezzo' (Sallarids, Rawwadids, Hasanwayhids, Kakuyids, Marwanids, Uqaylids, Mirdasids, Mazyadids, Ikhshidids); the Burids of Damascus, the Nizari Ismaili castles, the atabegs of Azerbaijan, Fars, Luristan and Kerman; the eastern Anatolian beyliks (Saltukids, Mengujekids, Shah-Armens, Artuqids, Eretnids, Kadi Burhan al-Din, Erzincan, Tacettin, Lâdik, Alaiye); the Mamluk pashas of Baghdad; Arabian states from the Sulayhids to the Jabrids, Bani Khalid, Kathiri, Mahra and Lahej; and the South Caucasus khanates of 1747–1828. Few pre-modern sources describe frontiers.