Realm · approximate borders · 988–1094

Principality of Tmutarakan

Rus' principality on the Taman peninsula and across the Kerch strait (Korchev), cut off from the rest of Rus' by the steppe. Mstislav ruled it from Vladimir's reign and from there won the left bank of the Dnieper in 1024; Gleb's stone of 1068 records his measuring of the frozen strait from Tmutarakan to Korchev.

Oleg Svyatoslavich returned from Byzantine exile in 1083, styled himself archon of Khazaria, and left in 1094 to claim Chernigov, after which the town drops out of Rus' sources (probably Byzantine or Cuman). Extent (Taman and the lower Kuban delta, plus the Kerch peninsula) is approximate. Sources: Wikipedia 'Tmutarakan', 'Mstislav of Chernigov', 'Oleg I of Chernigov'.

See Principality of Tmutarakan on the map in 988

On the map: 988–1094
Capital: Tmutarakan (Taman)

Rulers named in the sources

Mstislav Vladimirovich c. 988–1036
Gleb Svyatoslavich 1064–1068
Roman Svyatoslavich c. 1069–1079
Oleg Svyatoslavich 1083–1094

Eastern European states, 82 BC – 1952

States of central-eastern and south-eastern Europe, the Baltic and the north-western Caucasus: Burebista's and Decebalus' Dacia, the principality of Abasgia, Rus' Tmutarakan, Circassia until the Russian conquest of 1864, the Emirate of Bari, the Albanian principalities of Arbanon and the Thopia and Skanderbeg's League of Lezhë, Zeta under the Balšići and Crnojevići, Lombard Negroponte, Acciaioli Athens, the Livonian prince-bishoprics of Riga and Ösel–Wiek, the prince-bishops of Montenegro, the wartime Slovak Republic and post-war Poland before 1953. Few of these frontiers were ever surveyed.