THE WORLD ATLAS

Realm · approximate borders · 1855–1890

Toucouleur Empire

El Hadj Umar Tall's state after he took Nioro, the capital of Kaarta (1855), with Bambuk and Dinguiraye to the south-west. The French checked him at Médine (1857); the treaty of 1860 left him Kaarta and Ségou.

Source: Wikipedia 'Tukulor Empire'. The state El Hadj Umar Tall built by jihad: Kaarta (1855), Ségou (1861) and Massina (1862). His successors split it between Ahmadu at Ségou, Tijani at Bandiagara and governors at Nioro. The French took Ségou in 1890 (Nioro fell in 1891, Bandiagara in 1893). Source: Wikipedia 'Tukulor Empire'.

See Toucouleur Empire on the map in 1862

On the map
1855–1890
Capital
Nioro; Ségou (Hamdullahi, Bandiagara)

Rulers named in the sources

African kingdoms and states, 430–1911

Besides the large empires and the colonial powers, Africa had many other states: the Berber kingdoms of late-Roman Mauretania and the Aurès; the Wolof states of Senegambia, the Fula imamates, Kaabu and the Moorish emirates; Kong, the Mossi kingdoms, Dagbon, Denkyira, Akwamu, Dahomey and Benin; the Hausa kingdoms, Nupe, Kebbi, Agadez, Damagaram and Baguirmi; the Ethiopian, Gibe and Somali sultanates and kingdoms, the Shilluk, Kilwa and Pate; Buganda, Bunyoro, Rwanda and Burundi; Loango, Ndongo, Matamba, Kasanje, Kuba, Luba, Lunda and Kazembe; Mapungubwe, Great Zimbabwe, Mutapa, Butua and the Rozvi; and Maravi, Gaza, the Nguni and Sotho kingdoms, the Lozi and the Sakalava. Dates and rulers come from cited reference articles. Few pre-colonial African frontiers were ever surveyed or described, and many of these states ruled people and trade routes more than fixed territory.

Sources