Realm · approximate borders · 1550–1855

Waalo

Wolof kingdom of the lower Senegal valley and delta, ruled by the Brak. Waalo dated its kings from 1287 but was a member of the Jolof confederation until the battle of Danki (1549), after which it paid Jolof only symbolic tribute (to 1715); the French annexed it in 1855.

The north-bank lands it held at times were shared with the Moorish emirates. Sources: Wikipedia 'Waalo'; Wikipedia 'Jolof Empire'.

See Waalo on the map in 1550

On the map: 1550–1855
Capital: Ndiourbel, later Nder

Rulers named in the sources

Ndiadiane Ndiaye semi-legendary first Brak, 1287
Yerim Mbanyik c. 1730s
Ndaté Yalla Mbodj lingeer, 1846–1855

African kingdoms and states, 430–1911

Besides the large empires and the colonial powers, Africa had many other states: the Berber kingdoms of late-Roman Mauretania and the Aurès; the Wolof states of Senegambia, the Fula imamates, Kaabu and the Moorish emirates; Kong, the Mossi kingdoms, Dagbon, Denkyira, Akwamu, Dahomey and Benin; the Hausa kingdoms, Nupe, Kebbi, Agadez, Damagaram and Baguirmi; the Ethiopian, Gibe and Somali sultanates and kingdoms, the Shilluk, Kilwa and Pate; Buganda, Bunyoro, Rwanda and Burundi; Loango, Ndongo, Matamba, Kasanje, Kuba, Luba, Lunda and Kazembe; Mapungubwe, Great Zimbabwe, Mutapa, Butua and the Rozvi; and Maravi, Gaza, the Nguni and Sotho kingdoms, the Lozi and the Sakalava. Dates and rulers come from cited reference articles. Few pre-colonial African frontiers were ever surveyed or described, and many of these states ruled people and trade routes more than fixed territory.