THE WORLD ATLAS

Realm · approximate borders · 500 BCE – 644 CE

Zhangzhung

Tibetan tradition makes Zhangzhung the whole of Western Tibet, Ladakh with Lahaul and Spiti, and Gilgit; Wikipedia (citing Stein) says how far it stretched is unknown. The start date (c.

500 BCE) rests on late Bon tradition and tentative Iron Age finds, not on contemporary records. The Tang Annals say Yangtong (Zhangzhung) submitted to Tibet in 634; Stein dates the conquest to 645.

See Zhangzhung on the map in 500 BCE

On the map
500 BCE – 644 CE
Capital
Khyunglung Ngulkhar ("Silver Palace of Garuda"), upper Sutlej valley south-west of Mount Kailash

Rulers named in the sources

South Asian kingdoms to 1000 CE

Kingdoms of South Asia before 1000 CE: the Western Gangas of Karnataka, the Licchavis of Nepal, Zhangzhung in Western Tibet, the Hindu Shahis, the kingdoms of Sindh and Multan, the Vishnukundinas and Eastern Chalukyas of Andhra, the Kalachuris, the Chera Perumals, the dynasties of Odisha and Dakshina Kosala, the Later Guptas, the Ikshvakus of Vijayapuri and Porus.

Sources